Is CCL2 anti inflammatory?
CCL2 exerts antiinflammatory effects in vivo. The powerful inhibitory effect of CCL2 on chemokine triggered migration and integrin-dependent adhesion of T lymphocytes in vitro and in vivo suggests that this cytokine might serve as an antiinflammatory mediator at pM levels.
Do macrophages produce CCL2?
Altogether, these results confirm that the CCL2 chemokine, preferentially produced by macrophages with anti-inflammatory activity, influences the transcriptomic polarization profile of human and murine macrophages. Gene expression profile and cytokine production is Ccr2 dependent in macrophages.
What is the function of MCP-1?
MCP-1 (Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1), also known as Chemokine (CC-motif) ligand 2 (CCL2), is from family of CC chemokines. It has a vital role in the process of inflammation, where it attracts or enhances the expression of other inflammatory factors/cells.
What is the source of MCP-1 in tuberculosis?
Macrophages are the predominant source of MCP-1 [82]. The data from another study indicate that expression of MCP-1 in patients with TB is not exceptionally augmented systemically, while production of MCP-1 may be enhanced by monocytes in the chronic stage of TB or with local pleural infection [83].
What is the relationship between MCP-1 and Alzheimer’s disease?
The CSF MCP-1 levels are also linked to the brain atrophy and cognitive impairment in AD where its overexpression leads to aggregation of β-amyloid and senile plaques have been suggested [98]. The interaction of MCP-1 and another chemokine eotaxin-1 elevated level have been negatively associated with verbal and visual memory in MCI and AD [99].
What is the significance of MCP-1 in lupus nephritis?
MCP-1 acts a diagnostic marker in urinary diseases, such as lupus nephritis where the level of urinary MCP-1 becomes elevated as compared to the control subjects. Determination of concentration of urinary MCP-1 is reliable and non-invasive method for lupus nephritis due to its inflammatory activity [142].