What is trehalose Dimycolate?
Trehalose-6,6-dimycolate (TDM, also known as cord factor) is a unique glycolipid found in the cell wall of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It is the most abundant lipid found in these bacteria and its presence is believed to correlate with the virulence of tuberculosis.
What is the cord factor in Mycobacterium tuberculosis?
Cord factor, or trehalose dimycolate, is a glycolipid molecule found in the cell wall of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and similar species. It is the primary lipid found on the exterior of M. tuberculosis cells. Cord factor influences the arrangement of M.
What is serpentine cord?
Lipids are to some extent responsible for acid-fastness. Virulent strains of tubercle bacilli form microscopic “serpentine cords” in which acid-fast bacilli are arranged in parallel chains. Cord formation is correlated with virulence.
What is cording Mycobacterium?
Cording is a phenomenon in which acid fast bacilli grow in parallel and was previously used as a means of presumptive microscopic identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB). However, this process has been shown in multiple other nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) species.
What does trehalose do in plants?
Trehalose is a potential signal metabolite in plant interactions with pathogenic or symbiotic micro-organisms and herbivorous insects. It is also implicated in responses to cold and salinity, and in regulation of stomatal conductance and water-use efficiency.
Do mycobacteria have peptidoglycan?
Mycobacterium tuberculosis has a unique cell envelope structure and composition, containing a peptidoglycan layer that is essential for maintaining cellular integrity and for virulence.
Do acid-fast bacteria have peptidoglycan?
Acid-fast bacteria are gram-positive, but in addition to peptidoglycan, the outer membrane or envelope of the acid-fast cell wall of contains large amounts of glycolipids, especially mycolic acids that in the genus Mycobacterium, make up approximately 60% of the acid-fast cell wall (Figure 2.3C.
What is trehalose 6 6 dimycolate?
Trehalose 6,6′-dimycolate is a trehalose mycolate compound consisting of two C58 mycolate groups attached to the 6- and 6′-positions of alpha,alpha’-trehalose. A mycobacterial cell wall glycolipid.
What is the structure of trehalose?
Structure. Trehalose is a disaccharide formed by a 1,1-glycosidic bond between two α-glucose units. Two other isomers are not found in nature. It is found in nature as a disaccharide and also as a monomer in some polymers. Synthesis. At least three biological pathways support trehalose biosynthesis.
How does trehalose 6-6-dimycolate (cord factor) enhance neovascularization?
“Trehalose 6,6′-dimycolate (Cord factor) enhances neovascularization through vascular endothelial growth factor production by neutrophils and macrophages”. Infection and Immunity. 68 (4): 2043–52. doi: 10.1128/iai.68.4.2043-2052.2000.
What is the concentration of trehalose that allows it to percolate?
All-atom molecular dynamics simulations showed that concentrations of 1.5–2.2 molar allow trehalose molecular clusters to percolate and form large, continuous aggregates. Trehalose directly interacts with nucleic acids, facilitates melting of double stranded DNA and stabilizes single-stranded nucleic acids.