What is an example of retrospective memory?
Memory, Learning, and Attention Most research on aging and memory has investigated retrospective memory, remembering something that was learned in the past. Learning a list of 10 words and then recalling them five minutes later is an example of a retrospective memory task.
What are the three types of prospective memory?
Three types of prospective memory have been recognized and they are time-, event-, and activity-based (McDaniel & Einstein, 2007).
Can a person have a photographic memory?
The intuitive notion of a “photographic” memory is that it is just like a photograph: you can retrieve it from your memory at will and examine it in detail, zooming in on different parts. But a true photographic memory in this sense has never been proved to exist.
Does prospective memory decline with age?
2007) we found an age-related decline in prospective memory performance in the event-based task. With respect to time-based prospective memory, the present study is only the third study which tested the age effect also for a time-based task.
Does retrospective memory decline with age?
Moreover, while reliable age decrements in both retrospective memory tasks of recognition and free recall were already present in the young-old group, in laboratory tasks of prospective memory they were mostly present in the old-old group only.
What is the difference between prospective and retrospective memory?
In contrast to prospective memory, retrospective memory involves remembering people, events, or words that have been encountered in the past. Whereas retrospective memory requires only the recall of past events, prospective memory requires the exercise of retrospective memory at a time that has not yet occurred.
What is the PAM theory?
The preparatory attentional and memory processes (PAM) theory argues that strategic, non-automatic preparatory processes must be engaged before the occurrence of a target event if one is to successfully retrieve an intention (Smith, 2003).
What is prospective forgetting?
Failures of prospective memory typically occur when we form an intention to do something later, become engaged with various other tasks, and lose focus on the thing we originally intended to do.
What is retroretrospective memory?
Retrospective memory is where the content to be remembered (people, words, events, etc) is in the past, i.e. the recollection of past episodes. It includes semantic, episodic and autobiographical memory, and declarative memory in general, although it can be either explicit or implicit. Did You Know?
What is pro-prospective memory?
Prospective memory is where the content is to be remembered in the future and may be defined as “remembering to remember” or remembering to perform an intended action.
What is the focus of memory research?
The vast majority of memory research deals with the ability to remember past events when given specific cues (as in explicit memory tests of recall or recognition) or with the effects of past experience on current behavior (priming on implicit memory tests).
What are prospective memory tasks?
Prospective memory tasks can be classified as event-based (when some event should cue us to perform an action, such as passing along a message to a friend when we see him/her) or time-based (such as remembering to take an antibiotic four times a day).