What does the IL-12 cytokine do?
IL-12 is a Th1 cytokine that is predominantly generated by cells in the innate immune system. Its role is associated with the differentiation of naïve T cells into Th1 cells. In allergy, IL-12 is known to downregulate allergic inflammation following its release, along with IFNγ.
What is p40 gene?
Subunit beta of interleukin 12 (also known as IL-12B, natural killer cell stimulatory factor 2, cytotoxic lymphocyte maturation factor p40, or interleukin-12 subunit p40) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IL12B gene. IL-12B is a common subunit of interleukin 12 and Interleukin 23.
What does IL-12 mean?
Introduction. Interleukin-12 (IL-12), a heterodimeric cytokine with p40 and p35 subunits, is well-known for its pleiotropic effects. Several in vitro studies in the early-mid nineties reported that IL-12 is capable of stimulating hematopoiesis synergistically with other cytokines [1–5].
Is IL-12 proinflammatory or anti inflammatory?
IL-12 can aid in the activation and regulation of several cytotoxic immune cells including macrophages, natural killer cells, and T cells, thus making it a ‘pro-inflammatory cytokine’.
What does tumor necrosis factor do?
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is a multifunctional cytokine that plays important roles in diverse cellular events such as cell survival, proliferation, differentiation, and death. As a pro-inflammatory cytokine, TNF is secreted by inflammatory cells, which may be involved in inflammation-associated carcinogenesis.
Is IL-12 a proinflammatory cytokine?
Interleukin-12: a proinflammatory cytokine with immunoregulatory functions that bridge innate resistance and antigen-specific adaptive immunity.
What is p40 positive?
p40 is an excellent marker for distinguishing lung squamous cell carcinoma from adenocarcinoma, and p40 expression is equivalent to p63 expression in lung squamous cell carcinoma.
Which cytokines are anti inflammatory?
Major anti-inflammatory cytokines include interleukin (IL)-1 receptor antagonist, IL-4, IL-10, IL-11, and IL-13. Leukemia inhibitory factor, interferon-alpha, IL-6, and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β are categorized as either anti-inflammatory or pro-inflammatory cytokines, under various circumstances.
What causes IL 12 production?
Interleukin-10 and Interleukin-12 are produced primarily by pathogen-activated antigen-presenting cells, particularly macrophages and dendritic cells.
Is IL 10 a proinflammatory cytokine?
IL-10 is considered a potent antiinflammatory cytokine that strongly inhibits the production of proinflammatory cytokines. Recent studies have suggested that IL-10 also has immunostimulatory properties on CD4+, CD8+ T cells, and/or NK cells, resulting in increased IFN-gamma production.