What is the mode of action of anthracycline anticancer agent?
The archetypal anthracycline drug, doxorubicin, displays two molecular modes of action: DNA double-strand break formation (through topoisomerase IIα poisoning) and chromatin damage (via eviction of histones).
How do anthracycline stop the replication of DNA in cancer cells?
Anthracyclines lead to inhibition of DNA replication and transcription. The cell cycle is blocked during the S phase and mitosis, as a result of topoisomerase II enzyme inhibition and intercalation in DNA. Epirubicin and doxorubicin are both known anthracyclines.
What type of drug is anthracycline?
A type of antibiotic that comes from certain types of Streptomyces bacteria. Anthracyclines are used to treat many types of cancer. Anthracyclines damage the DNA in cancer cells, causing them to die. Daunorubicin, doxorubicin, and epirubicin are anthracyclines.
Is one of the mechanisms of action of all anthracyclines?
The proposed action mechanism of anthracyclines and their derivatives to exert cytotoxic effect involves the intercalation of the drug molecule into nucleic acid and inhibition of the activity of topoisomerases. These events consequences in halting DNA replication and transcription mechanisms of the cell.
How is anthracycline administered?
Anthracyclines are administered by injection or with an intravenous (IV) infusion, in which the drugs are part of a liquid solution delivered into a vein through a catheter. The type and stage of cancer can determine how long your chemotherapy treatment lasts.
What is aphidicolin block?
Aphidicolin is a reversible inhibitor of eukaryotic nuclear DNA replication. It blocks the cell cycle at early S phase. It is a specific inhibitor of DNA polymerase Alpha and Delta in eukaryotic cells and in some viruses (vaccinia and herpesviruses) and an apoptosis inducer in HeLa cells.
What is anthracycline cardiomyopathy?
Anthracycline-induced cardiac dysfunction (ACD) is a notorious side effect of anticancer treatment. It has been described as a phenomenon of a continuous progressive decline of cardiac function, eventually leading to dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM).
What is the greatest risk for anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity?
Conclusions: Hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and obesity are associated with increased risk of anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity, which indicates that corresponding protective strategies should be used during and after anthracycline treatment.
What is anthracycline glycoside?
Anthracyclines is a class of drugs used in cancer chemotherapy that are extracted from Streptomyces bacterium. These compounds are used to treat many cancers, including leukemias, lymphomas, breast, stomach, uterine, ovarian, bladder cancer, and lung cancers.
Why are anthracyclines used?
Anthracyclines are widely used chemotherapy drugs derived from certain types of Streptomyces bacteria. Anthracycline drugs are used to treat many types of cancer, including leukemias, lymphomas, and cancers of the breast, stomach, uterus, ovary, and lung, among others.
What is the mechanism of action of anthracycline?
The explanations of cytostatic and cytotoxic actions of anthracyclines point to by many different mechanisms, including free radical formation, lipid peroxidation, direct membrane effects, and enzyme interactions. The following elucidates some of these theories[4]: Enzyme Interaction
How do anthracyclines cause cardiotoxicity?
The exact mechanism of anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity remains unclear, though it is likely to be multifactorial. Until recently, the most widely accepted hypothesis was that anthracyclines interfered with redox cycling, resulting in DNA damage due to reactive oxygen species (ROS) production [14].
How do anthracyclines interact with DNA in eukaryotic cells?
This proteasome leads the drug into the nucleus (or cytoplasm) of the eukaryotic cells in the form of anthracycline-proteasome complex through nuclear pores because it possessing nuclear localization signals. Here in the nucleus, the interaction of anthracyclines is much more favorable with DNA as compare to proteasome.
Are nanotechnology-based anthracyclines the future of chemotherapeutic agents?
Anthracyclines remain some of the most widely used chemotherapeutic agents but their potential is limited by its dose-limiting toxicities. Currently, there are many studies being conducted in the search for anthracyclines with better anti-tumour efficacy or with reduced side effects using different nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems.