What does Mona stand for?
Unfortunately, the mnemonic MONA (morphine, oxygen, nitrates, and aspirin) continues to be used as a teaching tool in universities, on websites, and in educational videos.
What ischemia means?
Ischemia is a condition in which the blood flow (and thus oxygen) is restricted or reduced in a part of the body. Cardiac ischemia is the name for decreased blood flow and oxygen to the heart muscle.
Why do we use Mona?
The mnemonic, MONA, which stands for morphine, oxygen, nitroglycerin, and aspirin, is used to recall the initial management of patients with chest pain (ie, suspected acute coronary syndrome).
What is the difference between NSTEMI and type 2 MI?
(NSTEMI) is a common diagnosis in hospitalized patients. Type 2 has been reported up to 25% of cases of MI depending on the population studied. Type 2 NSTEMI is defined as myocardial ischemia resulting from mismatched myocardial oxygen supply and demand that is not related to unstable coronary artery disease (CAD).
What is stemi and NSTEMI?
NSTEMI is caused by a block in a minor artery or a partial obstruction in a major artery. STEMI occurs when a ruptured plaque blocks a major artery completely.
What is a myocardial infarction?
The term “myocardial infarction” focuses on the myocardium (the heart muscle) and the changes that occur in it due to the sudden deprivation of circulating blood. The main change is necrosis (death) of myocardial tissue. The word “infarction” comes from the Latin “infarcire” meaning “to plug up or cram.”
How is a diagnosis of myocardial infarction made?
Myocardial infarction diagnosis. Jump to navigation Jump to search. A diagnosis of myocardial infarction is created by integrating the history of the presenting illness and physical examination with electrocardiogram findings and cardiac markers (blood tests for heart muscle cell damage).
What is the treatment for acute myocardial infarction?
Acute myocardial infarction is myocardial necrosis resulting from acute obstruction of a coronary artery. Symptoms include chest discomfort with or without dyspnea, nausea, and diaphoresis. Diagnosis is by ECG and the presence or absence of serologic markers. Treatment is antiplatelet drugs, anticoagulants, nitrates,…
What is the pathophysiology of a one week old myocardial infarction?
A one week old myocardial infarction of the posterior left ventricle, with focal rupture, in fresh state (left) and after formalin fixation (right). The infarcted area is pale whereas the rupture is hemorrhagic (dark red).