What was the main issue in Grutter v Bollinger?
Bollinger, a case decided by the United States Supreme Court on June 23, 2003, upheld the affirmative action admissions policy of the University of Michigan Law School. The decision permitted the use of racial preference in student admissions to promote student diversity.
What was the decision in Grutter v Bollinger?
Grutter v. Bollinger and Gratz v. Bollinger (2003) | PBS. In twin cases involving affirmative action policies at the University of Michigan, the Court upheld the use of race as an admissions factor to the Law School, but struck an undergraduate admissions policy that awarded “points” to minority applicants.
Why is Grutter v Bollinger important?
The Court’s opinion in the law school case, Grutter v. Bollinger, confirms that admissions programs which consider race as one of many factors in the context of an individualized consideration of all applicants can pass constitutional muster.
What happened in Gratz v Bollinger?
Bollinger was a United States Supreme Court case regarding the University of Michigan undergraduate affirmative action admissions policy. In a 6-3 decision announced on June 23, 2003, the Supreme Court ruled that the university’s point system was too mechanistic and therefore unconstitutional.
What did the Grutter opinion say?
The Court held that a student admissions process that favors “underrepresented minority groups” does not violate the Fourteenth Amendment’s Equal Protection Clause so long as it takes into account other factors evaluated on an individual basis for every applicant.
Did Grutter v Bollinger use strict scrutiny?
Applying strict scrutiny, the District Court determined that the Law School’s asserted interest in assembling a diverse student body was not compelling because “the attainment of a racially diverse class … was not recognized as such by Bakke and is not a remedy for past discrimination.” Id., at 246a.
What is the significance of the Hopwood v Texas court decision?
Texas was a case ruled upon by the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit in 1996. The appeals court held that the University of Texas School of Law could not use race as a factor in determining which applicants to admit to the university.
Where did Jennifer Gratz go to college?
Jennifer Gratz applied to the University of Michigan undergraduate college of Literature, Arts, and Sciences in the fall of 1994, when she was a high school senior in the Detroit suburb of Southgate.
What is critical mass Grutter?
Respondents and school administrators explain generally that “critical mass” means a sufficient number of underrepresented minority students to achieve several objectives: To ensure that these minority students do not feel isolated or like spokespersons for their race; to provide adequate opportunities for the type of …
What happened in the case of Cheryl Hopwood Why did she sue the University of Texas?
Hopwood filed a federal lawsuit against the University on September 29, 1992, in the U.S. District Court for the Western District of Texas. Hopwood, a white woman, was denied admission to the law school despite being better qualified (at least under certain metrics) than many admitted minority candidates.